-
E.
- East
-
e. & e.a.
- Each and every accident
-
e. & e.l.
- Each and every loss
-
e. & e.o.
- Each and every occurrence
-
E. & O.E.
- Errors and omissions excepted
-
E.C.V.
- Each cargo voyage
-
E.E.
- Errors excepted
-
E.E.C.
- European Economic Community
-
E.F.T.A.
- European Free Trade Association
-
E.I.
- Each incident
-
E.L.
- Employer's liability
-
E.M.L.
- Estimated maximum loss
-
E.M.P.L.
- Estimated maximum probable loss
-
E.M.S.
- European Monetary System
-
e.o.h.p.
- Excepted otherwise herein provided
-
E.P.I.
- Earned premium income
-
E.P.I.R.B.
- Emergency position indicator radio beacon
-
E.R.V.
- Each round voyage
-
E.S.D.
- Echo-sounding device
-
Eco-Label
- An eco-label is a voluntary mark awarded by the European Community (EC) to
producers who can show that their product is significantly less harmful to
the environment than similar products. The EC environment ministers agreed
to the concept of an eco-label in March of 1992. The EC Commission and
member states are drafting proposals for eco-labelling criteria with the
intention of providing a clear commercial benefit for developing less
polluting products and processes.
-
ECO/COM
- Economic/Commercial Section
-
Economic Sanctions
- Economic sanctions used for foreign policy purposes are economic
penalties, such as prohibiting trade, stopping financial transactions, or
barring economic and military assistance, used to achieve the goal of
influencing the target nation. Sanctions can be imposed selectively,
stopping only certain trade and financial transactions or aid programs, or
comprehensively, halting all economic relations with the target nation.
While sanctions can be imposed to serve multiple goals, the measures are
more successful in achieving the less ambitious and often unarticulated
goals of: (a) upholding international norms by punishing the target nation
for unacceptable behavior and (b) deterring future objectionable actions.
Sanctions are usually less successful in achieving the most prominently
stated goal of making the target country comply with the sanctioning
nation's stated wishes.
-
Economic Zones
- Economic zones are designated regions in a country which operate under
rules that provide special investment incentives, including duty free
treatment for imports, for manufacturing plants which reexport their
products. The term "economic zone" is currently used in the People's
Republic of China and the former Soviet Union. See: Free Trade Zones.
-
Ecotourism
- Ecotourism is a broad term which encompasses nature tourism, adventure
tourism, ethnic tourism, responsible or wilderness-sensitive tourism,
soft-path or small-scale tourism, low-impact tourism, responsible or
wilderness tourism, and sustainable tourism. Scientific, educational, or
academic tourism (such as biotourism, archetourism, and geotourism) are also
forms of ecotourism. The definition of the term stresses the destinations
and objectives of ecotourism from the traveler's point of view.
-
EDB
- Exporter Data Base
-
EEZ
- Exclusive Economic Zones
-
EMC
- Export Management Company
-
Enabling Clause
- Part I of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) framework
which permits developed country members to give more favorable treatment to
developing countries and special treatment to the least developed countries,
notwithstanding the most-favored-nation provisions of the GATT.
-
Entrepot
- An intermediary storage facility where goods are kept temporarily for
distribution within a country or for reexport.
-
Entry (Customs)
- A statement of the kinds, quantities and values of goods imported together
with duties, if any, declared before a customs official.
-
Entry Papers
- Those documents which must be filed with the Customs officials describing
goods imported, such as consumption entry, Ocean Bill of Lading or Carrier
Release, and Commercial Invoice.
-
ERLC
- Export Revolving Line of Credit
-
ERM
- Exchange Rate Mechanism
-
Escrow Account
- An escrow account is a special bank account into which earnings from sales
(e.g., convertible currency proceeds from exports) are accumulated. These
revenues are set aside for subsequent acquisition of goods and services from
a foreign supplier. The escrowed money, usually interest-bearing, is
disbursed by the bank to the foreign supplier under payment terms and
against documents specified in the supplier's sale contract.
-
Eurobond
- See: Eurodollars.
-
Eurocurrency
- See: Eurodollars.
-
Eurodollars
- Eurodollars are deposits of U.S. dollars in banks or other financial
institutions which are located outside the borders of the United States. In
every other way, Eurodollars are identical to any other U.S. dollars. These
same dollars are also called offshore dollars, or depending where the money
is on deposit, Asian dollars. The use of "Euro" in connection with dollars
reflects the beginnings of holding deposits offshore. Likewise, a
Eurocurrency (or external currency) is the deposit of one nation's currency
in another country. A Eurobond is a bond which is denominated in a currency
and traded in a market outside of the issuing country.
-
European Union
- The EU is an umbrella reference to the European Community (EC) and to two
European integration efforts introduce by the Maastricht Treaty: Common
Foreign and Security Policy (including defense) and Justice and Home Affairs
(principally cooperation between police and other authorities on crime,
terrorism, and immigration issues). The term "European Union" was introduced
in November 1993 (when the Maastricht Treaty on European Union entered into
force). The term "European Community" (EC) continues to exist as a legal
entity within the broader framework of the EU. See: European Community
Maastricht Treaty.
-
EUROSTAT
- Statistical Office of the European Community
-
Evidence of Origin
- Information presented in the Exporter's Certificate of Origin (or Customs
Form 353) that certifies that the goods described are eligible for a
preferential rate of duty under a trade program.
-
Ex Dock (Import Usage
Only) - The
seller is obligated to place the specified goods at the specified price on
the import dock clear of all customs and duty requirements. The buyer must
do nothing further than pick up the goods within a prescribed time limit.
-
Ex Mill (Ex Warehouse,
Ex Mine, Ex Factory)
- The seller is obligated to place the specified quantity of goods at the
specified price at his mill loaded on trucks, railroad cars or any other
specified means of transport. The buyer must accept the goods in this manner
and make all arrangements for transportation.
-
Ex Quay
- "Ex Quay" means that the seller makes the goods available to the buyer on
the quay (wharf) at the destination named in the sales contract. The seller
has to bear the full cost and risk involved in bringing the goods there.
There are two "Ex Quay" contracts in use: (a) Ex Quay "duty paid" and (b) Ex
Quay "duties on buyer's account" in which the liability to clear goods for
import is to be met by the buyer instead of by the seller.
-
Ex Ship
- "Ex Ship" means that the seller will make the goods available to the buyer
on board the ship at the destination named in the sales contract. The seller
bears all costs and risks involved in bringing the goods to the destination.
-
Ex Works
- Ex Works (EXW) at a named point of origin (examples are: ex factory, ex
mill, ex warehouse). Under this term, the price quoted applies only at the
point of origin and the seller agrees to place the goods at the disposal of
the buyer at a specified place on the date or within the period fixed. All
other charges are for the account of the buyer.
-
Ex-"From"
- When used in pricing terms such as "Ex Factory" or "Ex Dock," it signifies
that the price quoted applies only at the point of origin (in the two
examples, at the seller's factory or a dock at the import point). In
practice, this kind of quotation indicates that the seller agrees to place
the goods at the disposal of the buyer at the specified place within a fixed
period of time.
-
Ex.
- Excluding. Examined. Exchange. Executed. Out of. Without
-
EXCEL
- Export Credit Enhanced Leverage
-
Exchange Rate
- The price of one currency expressed in terms of another, i.e., the number
of units of one currency that may be exchanged for one unit of another
currency. Influences on exchange rates include differences between interest
rates and other asset yields between countries; investor expectations about
future changes in a currency's value; investors' views on the overall
quantity of dollar-denominated assets in circulation; arbitrage; and central
bank exchange rate support. See: Exchange Rate Classifications.
-
Exchange Rate
- The rate of currency conversion between countries. For example, one
American dollar can be hypothetically exchanged for six French francs.
-
Exd.
- Examined
-
EXIMBANK
- Export-Import Bank of the United States
-
explosimeter
- Instrument used to detect the presence of flammable gases in tanker tanks.
-
Export Broker
- An individual or firm that brings together buyers and sellers for a fee
but does not take part in actual sales transactions.
-
Export Broker
- One who brings together the buyer and seller for a fee and then withdraws
from the transaction.
-
Export Declaration
- See: Shipper's Export Declaration.
-
Export Declaration
- A formal statement made to the Director of Customs at a port of exit
declaring full particulars about goods being exported.
-
Export Development
Corporation
- EDC is Canada's official export credit agency, responsible for providing
export credit insurance, loans, guarantees, and other financial services to
promote Canadian export trade.
-
Export License
- A government document (also known as an "Individual Validated License")
authorizing exports of specific goods in specific quantities to a particular
destination. This document may be required in some countries for most or all
exports and in other countries only under special circumstances.
-
Export License
- A permit required to engage in the export of certain commodities and
quantities to certain destinations. List of such goods are found in the
comprehensive Export Schedule issued by the Bureau of Foreign Commerce.
-
Export Limitation
- A provision that limits the recipient country's volume of exports of
commodities that are the same as, or like, the commodities being furnished
by the United States under a P.L. 480 ("Food for Peace") sales agreement.
The export of the actual commodities is also prohibited, with the latter
prohibition being termed an export restriction.
-
Export Limitation
Period - The
period during which the receipient country must restrict exports of
commodities which are considered to be the same as, or like, those supplied
under P.L. 480 ("Food for Peace").
-
Export Management
Company - An
EMC is a private firm that serves as the export department for several
manufacturers, soliciting and transacting export business on behalf of its
clients in return for a commission, salary, or retainer plus commission. An
EMC maintains close contact with its clients and is supply-driven. An EMC
may take title to the goods it sells, making a profit on the markup, or it
may charge a commission, depending on the type of products being handled,
the overseas market, and the manufacturer-client's needs.
-
Export Management
Company - An
organization which, for a commission, acts as a purchase agent for either a
buyer or seller.
-
Export Merchant
- A company that buys products directly from manufacturers, then packages
and marks the merchandise for resale under its own name. A producer or
merchant who sells directly to a foreign purchaser without going through an
intermediate such as an export broker.
-
Export Processing Zones
- EPZs are a form of free trade zone which provide incentives for industrial
or commercial export activity. Export processing zones are located in
developing countries and are usually in defined areas, industrial parks, or
facilities which provide free trade zone benefits and usually offer
additional incentives, such as exemption from normal tax and business
regulations. The zones, which began appearing around 1975, are sometimes
referred to as Special Economic Zones or Development Economic Zones. See:
Free Trade Zones.
-
Export Promotion
- Export promotion refers to the collective programs a nation has to help
companies sell products abroad. These programs may include business
counseling, training, and representational assistance, as well as providing
market research information, trade fair opportuntities, and export financing
assistance.
-
Export Quotas
- Specific restrictions or target objectives on the value or volume of
exports of specified goods imposed by the government of the exporting
country. These restraints may be intended to protect domestic producers and
consumers from temporary shortages of certain materials, or as a means to
moderate world prices of specified commodities. Commodity agreements
sometimes contain explicit provisions to indicate when export quotas should
go into effect among producers. Export quotas are also used in connection
with orderly marketing agreements and voluntary restraint agreements.
-
Export Quotas
- Specific restraints imposed by an exporting country on the value or
quantity of a good for export purposes.
-
Export Rate
- A freight rate specially established for application on export traffic and
generally lower than the domestic rate.
-
Export Restraint
Agreements -
See: Voluntary Restraint Agreements.
-
Export Restraints
- A restriction by an exporting country of the quantity of exports to a
specified importing country. Usually this is a result of a request (formal
or informal) of the importing country.
-
EXW
- Ex Works
| |
