-
S&D
- Special and Differential Treatment
-
S. & A.
- Signing and accounting (procedure)
-
S. & F.A.
- Shipping and Forwarding Agent
-
S. & H/exct.
- Sundays and holidays excepted in lay days
-
S. & L.
- Sue & Labor (charges)
-
S. B.
- Short Bill
-
S. to S.
- Station to station
-
S.A.
- Salvage Association
-
s.a.n.r.
- Subject to approval no risk
-
S.B.M.
- Single buoy mooring
-
s.b.s.
- survey before shipment
-
s.c.
- Salvage charges
-
S.C.A.
- Settlement of claims abroad
-
S.D.
- Sea damage
-
S.d.
- Short delivery
-
S.D.A.
- Single administrative document
-
S.E.P.
- Subject to endorsement on the policy
-
S.H.P.
- Shaft horse-power
-
S.I.
- Short Interest, Sum Insured International System of Units (System
International)
-
S.I.T.P.R.O
- Simplification of Industrial Trade Procedures Boad
-
S.K.D.
- Semi knocked down
-
s.l.
- Salvage loss
-
S.O.
- Seller's option
-
S.O.L.
- Ship owner's liability
-
S.O.S.
- Service of suit
-
S.P.
- Supra Protest
-
s.p.d.
- Steamer pays dues
-
S.R. & C.C.
- Strikes, riots and civil commotions
-
S.R.L.
- Ship repairers' liability
-
S.S. & C.
- Same sea and country or coast
-
S.S.C.
- Simultaneous settlements clause
-
S.S.N.
- Standard shipping notice
-
s.v.
- Sailing vessel
-
S.W.
- Shipper's weights
-
S.W.D.
- Seawater damage
-
S.W.G.
- Standard wire gauge
-
S/A
- Subject to Acceptance (insurance)
-
s/a
- Subject to approval
-
S/Fee
- Survey Fee
-
S/I
- Sum insured
-
S/IOGA
- State/Industry-Organized, Government-Approved
-
S/L
- Sue and labor
-
S/L.C.
- Sue and labor clause
-
S/L.Ch.
- Sue and labor charges
-
S/N
- Shipping note
-
SA
- Sociedad Anonima, Societe Anonyme
-
SA de CV
- Sociedad Anonima
-
Safeguards
- The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) permits two forms of
multilateral safeguards: (a) a country's right to impose temporary import
controls or other trade restrictions to prevent commercial injury to
domestic industry, and (b) the corresponding right of exporters not to be
deprived arbitrarily of access to markets. Article XIX of the GATT permits a
country whose domestic industries or workers are adversely affected by
increased imports to withdraw or modify concessions the country had earlier
granted, to impose, for a limited period, new import restrictions if the
country can establish that a product is "being imported in such increased
quantities as to cause or threaten serious injury to domestic producers,"
and to keep such restrictions in effect for a such time as may be necessary
to prevent or remedy such injury.
-
Sales Representative
- An agent who distributes, represents, services, or sells goods on behalf
of foreign sellers.
-
SALM
- Single anchor leg mooring
-
SARL
- Societe e Responsabilite Limitee
-
SAS
- Societe par Actions Simplifiee
-
SBM/SPM
- Single buoy/point mooring
-
Sch.
- Schooner
-
Scope Determinations
- Scope determinations deal with the product coverage of antidumping and
countervailing duty orders. The Department of Commerce will determine -- in
response to an application from an interested party or on its own initiative
-- whether a certain product is included within the scope of an antidumpting
and countervailing duty order.
-
sd.
- Sailed
-
SDNs
- Specially Designated Nationals
-
SDR
- Special drawing right (limitation of liability)
-
SDRs
- Special Drawing Rights
-
SEA
- Single European Act
-
SED
- Shipper's Export Declaration
-
SEED
- Support for East European Democracy
-
SELA
- Sistema Economico Latinoamericao
-
SEM
- Seminar Mission
-
SF
- Solo Fair (overseas procured)
-
SFSC
- Shared Foreign Sales Corporation
-
SFW
- Solo Fair (Washington procured)
-
SHex.
- Sundays and Holidays excepted
-
SHinc.
- Sundays and Holidays included
-
Ship's Manifest
- A list, signed by the captain of a ship, of the individual shipments
constituting the ship's cargo.
-
Shipment
- A shipment is all of the cargo carried under the terms of a single bill of
lading.
-
Shipper's Export
Declaration
- A form required by the Treasury Department and completed by a shipper
showing the value, weight, consignee, destination, etc., of export shipments
as well as Harmonized Schedule B (see above) identification number.
-
Shipping Weight
- Shipping weight represents the gross weight in kilograms of shipments,
including the weight of moisture content, wrappings, crates, boxes, and
containers (other than cargo vans and similar substantial outer containers).
-
SITC
- Standard International Tariff Classification
-
SITC
- Standard International Trade Classification
-
Sk.
- Sack
-
SPA
- Societe Per Azioni
-
Special and
Differential Treatment
- The principle, enunciated in the Tokyo Declaration, that the Tokyo Round
negotiations should seek to accord particular benefits to the exports of
developing countries, consistent with their trade, financial, and
development needs. Among proposals for special or differential treatment are
reduction or elimination of tariffs applied to exports of developing
countries under the Generalized System of Preferences (GSP), expansion of
product and country coverage of the GSP, accelerated implementation of
tariff cuts agreed to in the Tokyo Round for developing country exports,
substantial reduction or elimination of tariff escalation, special
provisions for developing country exports in any new codes of conduct
covering nontariff measures, assurance that any new multilateral safeguard
system will contain special provisions for developing country exports, and
the principle that developed countries will expect less than full
reciprocity for trade concessions they grant developing countries.
-
Spot Transaction
- See: Forward Exchange Rate.
-
SRL
- Societe a Responsabilite Limitata
-
Stand-By Arrangements
- A stand-by arrangement, like an extended arrangement, assures a member
country of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) that it will be able to
make purchases up to a specified amount from the IMF during a given period,
as long as the member has observed the performance criteria and other terms
specified in the arrangement. Stand-by arrangements extend up to three
years. See: International Monetary Fund.
-
Standstill
- Standstill refers to a commitment of GATT contracting parties not to
impose new trade-restrictive measures during the Uruguay Round negotiations.
See: Rollback.
-
Std.
- Standard (timber trade)
-
Stev. Liab.
- Stevedores' liability
-
stevedore
- Person whose functions are to load, stow and unload ships.
-
stg
- Sterling
-
stk
- Stock
-
stow
- Position in a ship where goods are placed for their
-
Str.
- Steamer
-
Strategic Level of
Controls -
Commodity groupings used for export control purposes. See: Export Control
Classification Number.
-
Strd.
- Standard
-
Subsidy
- There are two general types of subsidies: export and domestic. An export
subsidy is a benefit conferred on a firm by the government that is
contingent or exports. A domestic subsidy is a benefit not linked to
exports, conferred by the government upon a specific industry or enterprise
or group of industries or enterprises.
-
Swaps
- Swaps take dozens of forms but often entail the exchange of one type of
asset or payment for another. Some of the more common forms are:
cross-border; currency; debt-for-charity; debt-for-commodity; debt-for-debt;
debt-for-development; debt-for-equity; debt-for-export;
debt-for-local-currency; debt-for-nature; discount; dual currency; interest
rate; inward; premium; reverse; and vanilla. Minor variation in names is
common. Currency swaps convert principal from the lender's currency into the
debtor's currency and receiving interest payments in the debtor's currency.
The swap, made to protect the principal from future changes in foreign
exchange rates, involves a forward exchange contract to recover the currency
involved. Debt swaps entail replacing the foreign liabilities of a debtor
country with ownership or rights of value. A debt-for-equity swap replaces
foreign liabilities with a stake in the debtor country's national
enterprises; a debt-for-export swap replaces foreign liabilities with an
arrangement to receive proceeds from the overseas sale of the debtor
country's products or commodities; a debt-for-debt swap replaces an existing
foreign liability with a new commitment from the debtor country. Interest
rate swaps involve agreements on the means for exchanging future cash flows.
Single currency interest rate swaps concern exchanging future cash flow in
the same currency and offer a means for modifying the impact of future
changes in interest rates on a company's profitability. Cross currency
interest rate swaps concern exchanging future cash flows between one
currency and another, traded either on a fixed or floating rate, and offer a
means for limited the risk of converting financial interests between
currencies. Swaps also involve arrangements whereby different sellers of
similar commodities swap and deliver them to each other's customer if such
action saves transportation costs. See: Derivatives.
-
SWIFT
- Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Transactions
-
Switch Arrangements
- A form of countertrade in which unused purchase rights under
government-to-government trade (clearing agreements) on unwanted goods
received by a firm in a countertrade transaction are sold at a discount to
buyers for cash.
-
Syn.
- Syndicate (Lloyd's)
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