-
P
- Package
-
P
- Principal Officer
-
P. & I.
- Protection and indemnity
-
P. & L.
- Profit and Loss
-
P. O. D.
- Paid on delivery
-
P.A.
- Particular average
-
P.A.N.
- Premium advice note
-
P.B.
- Permanent Bunkers
-
P.D.
- Port dues
-
P.D.O.
- Property damage only
-
P.I.
- Personal injury
-
P.I.A.
- Peril insured against
-
P.I.L.
- Premium income limit
-
P.L.
- Public liability
-
P.L.A.
- Port of London Authority
-
P.M.L.
- Probable maximum loss
-
p.o.c.
- Port of call
-
P.O.D.
- Pay on delivery, Port of distress
-
p.p.
- Picked ports, Per procurationem (on behalf of)
-
p.p.i.
- Policy proof of interest
-
P.R.
- Polski Rejestr. Port Risks, prorata
-
P.S.T.
- Pacific Standard Time
-
P.T.
- Premium transfer
-
p.t.
- Private terms
-
P/A
- Particular average. Power of attorney. Private account
-
P/C
- Price Current, Petty Cash, Percent, Particular charges, profit commission
-
P/L
- Partial loss
-
P/N
- Promissory note
-
P/S
- Public sale
-
Pac.
- Pacific coast ports
-
Pass-Through
- Pass-through operations (also called transshipments) involve a foreign
country's use of one country in a trade bloc as a means of gaining
preferential treatment from other countries in the bloc. See: Transshipment.
-
Patent Cooperation
Treaty - The
Patent Cooperation Treaty, PCT, is a worldwide convention, open to any Paris
Convention country. The PCT entered into force in 1978. Unlike the Paris
Convention, which addresses substantive intellectual property rights, the
PCT addresses procedural requirements, aiming to simplify the filing,
searching, and publication of international patent applications.
-
PBEC
- Pacific Basin Economic Council
-
PCT
- Patent Cooperation Treaty
-
pd.
- Passed. Paid
-
PE
- Centrally Planned Economy
-
PEC
- President's Export Council
-
PECC
- Pacific Economic Cooperation Council
-
PECSEA
- President's Export Council, Subcommittee on Export, Administration
-
PEFC
- Private Export Funding Corporation
-
Performance
Requirements
- "Performance requirements" refers to government-mandated or -approved
activities that investors must undertake, usually as a condition of
establishment or operation in a particular country.
-
Pers. Acc.
- Personal Accident
-
Person
- See: Foreign Person.
-
Persona Grata
- A diplomatic representative who is acceptable to the government of the
country where he or she is assigned.
-
Persona Non Grata
- A diplomatic representative who is no longer acceptable to the government
of the country where he or she is assigned.
-
PERT
- Progress evaluation and review technique
-
Petrodollars
- This term refers to oil earnings of petroleum-exporting countries in
excess of their domestic needs and deposited in dollars in Western banks.
However, a large part of the revenues that OPEC countries were unable to
spend has been recycled to oil-importing countries in an attempt to balance
international accounts.
-
Pfo.
- Portfolio
-
PFP
- Policy Framework Paper
-
pgke.
- Package
-
pier
- Structure where ships can berth.
-
Pilf.
- Piferage
-
pilotage
- Assisting the master of a ship in navigation when entering or leaving a
port.
-
PIP
- Post-Initiated Promotion
-
PLC
- Pre-License Check, Public Limited Company
-
pm
- Premium
-
pontoon
- Flat-bottomed vessel with a shallow draft.
-
port
- Harbor having facilities for ships to moor, load, or unload.
-
Port Shopping
- Port shopping is the practice of exporters and importers choosing a
particular port on the basis of their assessment of Customs' treatment,
rather than on the quality of physical facilities and efficiency.
-
PP
- Purchase Price
-
PPA
- Protocol of Provisional Application
-
ppd.
- Prepaid
-
ppt.
- Prompt loading
-
pratique
- Permission granted by the authorities at a port, after assessing the
health of those on board the arriving ship, to allow them to make physical
contact with the shore.
-
Preferences
- These special trade advantages (e.g. tariff preferences) are given by
governments to trading partners in order to promote export growth and
development. These are often granted by developed countries to LDCs.
Licensing practices, quotas or preferential application of other measures,
including taxes, can also be granted in the non-tariff area.
-
Prem. Red.
- Premiums reducing
-
Prem. Res.
- Premium reserve (reinsurance)
-
Primary Product
- A product in an unprocessed or natural state (e.g. an agricultural,
mineral or fishery product).
-
Principal Officer
- See: Title and Rank.
-
Principal Supplier
- The country that has the largest portion of total GATT trade in a product
imported into a given country. The principal supplier has first rights to
negotiate compensation should a country assess a duty in excess of its bound
rate. Any tariff concessions granted to the principal supplier are granted
automatically to all other countries accorded MFN status.
-
Prior Deposits
- A government requirement that an importer deposit in a commercial bank or
central bank a specified sum of money (usually a percentage of the value of
the imports my for a specified length of time as a condition of importing).
These deposits are often held without interest and thus represent a real
cost. They are recognized as barriers to trade.
-
Pro Forma Invoice
- An invoice provided by a supplier prior to the shipment of merchandise,
informing the buyer of the kinds and quantities of goods to be sent, their
value, and important specifications (weight, size, and similar
characteristics).
-
Product Groups
- Commodity groupings used for export control purposes. See: Export Control
Classification Number.
-
Prof. Com.
- Profit commission (reinsurance)
-
Profit
- For the purposes of constructed value in an antidumping duty investigation
or review, the profit used is the profit normally earned by a producer, from
the country of export, of the same or similar product as that under
investigation. By statute, the amount of profit shall not be less than 8
percent of the sum of general expenses and cost.
-
Protectionism
- The use of restrictions to discourage imports and artificially help
domestic producers compete with foreign suppliers.
-
Protocol
- See: International Agreements Title and Rank.
-
PSV
- Post-Shipment Verification
-
PTA
- Preferential Trade Area for Eastern and Southern African, States
-
Ptg. Std.
- Petrograd Standard (timber trade)
-
Public Limited Company
- See: Limited (Liability).
-
Purchasing Agent
- An agent who purchases goods in his/her own country on behalf of large
foreign buyers such as government agencies and large private corporations.
-
Purchasing Power Parity
- Purchasing power parity is a theory which states that exchange rates
between currencies are in equilibrium when their purchasing power is the
same in each of the two countries.
-
PVOs
- Private Voluntary Organizations
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